Abstract
Almost 1 % of the general population suffers from epilepsy, and 30 % cases are resistant to antiepileptic drugs. To help patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy, new approaches are being developed. One of the promising methods is low-frequency stimulation of the brain. However, the mechanism of the antiepileptic effect of the stimulation is still unclear. There are also several limitations of this approach: it is invasive, and the stimulation of the neural tissue is non-specific. Due to developing of optogenetics, the study of the mechanisms of the epileptogenesis and antiepileptic effect of low-frequency stimulation received a new impetus. Also, it is hoped that the use of optogenetic tools for brain stimulation reduces the side effects due to the cell type-specific action. In the present review, we describe current advances in the study of the mechanisms of the generation and suppression of epileptic activity using the optogenetic approach in models of epilepsy in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in the present review, we have also considered the prospects of the optogenetic brain stimulation for clinical use
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