СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОБЛЕМНИМИ КРЕДИТАМИ В БАНКАХ

Abstract

The management of non-performing loans is one of the most urgent issues of the banking system during the years of Ukraine's independence. This issue has become especially relevant in recent years, because of the crisis in the economic and financial systems. The article highlights the main factors that became the reasons for appearing of problem loans. Among such factors, external factors were identified, the primary source of which is macroeconomic instability, as well as imbalances in the banking system and internal factors related to cooperation with borrowers. It was found that the measures taken by the NBU to reduce the level of problem loans in the banking system led to a significant recovery of banks, but still, however, in terms of state banks, relevant issues of such exposure take place (after the nationalization of Pryvatbank), which was due to the questionable financing to related parties. The article reveals the content and describes the main measures to reduce the volume of problem loans, which are most often apply in the practice of foreign countries, including loan restructuring, debt write-off, sale of non-performing loan portfolio and other legal measures. It has been found that increasing uncertainty in the economy and financial system leads to the need to find new approaches to managing problem loans in banks. The process of significant changes in approaches to non-performing loans management in leading European countries can be divided in three stages, which were described in this article. During the first stage, the key role in reducing the amount of bad debts of banks in the post-crisis period were played by public authorities, by improving existing and introducing new regulatory requirements. In particular, the participation of third-party service companies and strategic partnerships, as well as the creation of service platforms has become widespread. The second stage was defined by a wide range of private solutions. The third stage is underway. The ultimate goal of such changes should be development of a full-fledged ecosystem of problem loans, which will include the development of private partnerships, state participation as a strategic support for these processes and the use of a wide range of digital solutions.