ФОРМУВАННЯ ЧИТАЦЬКИХ УМІНЬ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ ЗАСОБОМ ГРАФІЧНОГО ОРГАНІЗАТОРА

Abstract

In the modern world, a person’s ability to read, perceive, analyze, interpret, transmit, use information, and express one’s own attitude becomes important. The formation of reading competence of junior schoolchildren is determined by one of the tasks of studying the language and literature education in primary school. Reading competence is considered as a multifaceted personal education, which characterizes the set of knowledge, skills, abilities, values of the reader, which allow to successfully interact with the text / work, to search for the necessary information. Reading skills are a component of reading competence. The purpose of the study is to theoretically analyze and highlight the practical aspects of the formation of reading skills of primary school students with the help of graphic organizers of reading. Research methods such as analysis of scientific sources, systematization and generalization of data to identify the state of the problem are used. According to the defined tasks of the research, the main groups of reading skills of junior schoolchildren that meet the requirements of the State Standard of Primary Education have been identified: possession of a fullfledged reading skill; perception and understanding of the actual content of read works of art, texts; analysis and interpretation of read works; expression of own feelings, attitude to the read work; creative work, experimentation with the work; independent choice of works for reading. It is established that in order to develop reading skills of junior students it is advisable to use cognitive visualization tools that help to present visual models, teach rational processing, analysis of information and its graphical representation, activate the thinking processes of students. Graphic organizers are a type of cognitive graphics, the essence of which is the development of combined cognitive models of knowledge representation, combining symbolic and graphic ways of presenting educational material. Graphic reading organizers are understood as ways of presenting information for its generalization, systematization, classification, analysis of a work of art / media text in graphical form on paper or monitor. It is determined that graphic organizers of reading stimulate, organize and direct the thinking process, help to evaluate and correct the process of own cognitive activity, allow to understand the theme, main idea, characters of the work, determine the sequence of events, genre of work, help express one’s attitude. Appropriate types of graphic organizers (maps, diagrams, tables, diagrams) for the development of reading skills related to the perception and understanding of what is read (tables «I know – I want to know – Learned / Learned», «I know – I do not know», the scheme «What? – Where? – When? – Who? – Why?», «Attitudes of the characters», «Basic information about the work», schemes «Changes», «Actions of the characters»), expression of their own attitudes, thoughts, emotions and feelings about what is read (tables «My thoughts», «My questions», «Emotions»).