Иноязычные вкрапления как этнографические термины в литературе о Крайнем Северо-Востоке (на материале монографии В. Г. Богораза-Тана «Чукчи»)

Abstract

The article is devoted to borrowings from the Chukchi language, which are used as terms in ethnographic studies. The question of inclusion of foreign language inclusions in the descriptions of aborigines of the North of the 18 th - 19 th centuries is considered. It is shown that in the first works for the reconstruction of ethnic and cultural features of Chukchi the words known to the Russian language were used ( nachalnik , glava , kupecheskoye sosloviye etc.), which could not convey the specifics of social relations in a foreign ethnic environment, as well as - less - dialect words, prevailing in Russian dialects in the Far North-East ( kuhlyanka ). It is revealed that the reflection of culturally marked concepts with the help of foreign language inclusions in the texts of historical and ethnographic descriptions was developed in the 19 th century. The article pays special attention to the monograph of V. G. Bogoraz “Chukchi,” in which the scientist used the knowledge of the Chukchi language for the introduction of words with national-cultural component, which have no equivalents in the Russian language. It is noted that linguistic competence and serious study of material and spiritual culture of Chukchi allowed V. G. Bogoraz to attract a large number of terms that reflect the specific aspects of the life of this people: the relationship with neighboring tribes, family structure, social differentiation, etc. As examples, foreign-language inclusions from V. G. Bogoraz’s “Chukchi” are given. It is shown that the tradition of using Chukchi terminology in scientific research was continued by ethnographers in the 20 th century (I. S. Vdovin, A. A. Leontyev, etc.), it is preserved in modern encyclopedic publications devoted to the peoples of the North-East of Siberia.