ПОБУДОВА МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ПОДАЧІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ МАСИ В МОЛОТАРКУ ЗЕРНОЗБИРАЛЬНОГО КОМБАЙНА

Abstract

Purpose of the research: to develop and research a multifactorial mathematical model of the feed of the grain harvester, taking into account several factors that influence the formation of its value. Methods and materials. The development of a mathematical model of the grain loss indicator was carried out using mathematical modeling methods; its assessment was performed using Fisher’s test. The study of the supply of technological mass was carried out at the multifactorial level depending on the technical parameters and technological modes of the harvester systems and the characteristics of the technological culture. Multifactorial experimental studies of the technological mass supply indicator were carried out during the operation of the combine in the direct combine mode. 14 combines of the same type with a drum-type thresher were included in the experiment. Results. Based on the results of the obtained statistical data analysis, it was concluded that an increase in the width of the thresher, the area of the straw shaker, the energy supply of the combine, the width of the grain header, the grain yield of the technological crop and the working speed contribute to the increase in the supply of bread mass to the thresher of the combine. A multifactorial mathematical model of the technological mass supply indicator was developed. Based on the obtained mathematical model, graphical dependences of the feed rate on the width of the harvester’s grip, the grain yield of the ear crop and the width of the thresher were developed, which determine the technological mode of operation of the combine - the supply of bread mass to threshing. Their use makes it possible to choose the necessary working speed of the combine for the thresher of specific parameters, in order to form a flow of technological mass of the required productivity - feed into the thresher. When working in the same conditions (on the same field), the productivity of combines will be determined by the amount of bread mass supplied to the combine, which is determined by the harvester, thresher, and the working speed of movement during the execution of the technological process. Conclusions. It has been established that the technological throughput capacity of the thresher for threshing bread mass is determined by its technical parameters. The use of a thresher with a significant diameter of the threshing drum (along with correspondingly increased other parameters of the threshing system) contributes to the productivity of passing/feeding and technological processing in the threshing-separating system, which serves to increase the supply of bread mass to the threshing machine and the ability of the combine to work in the mode of design productivity. It is advisable to use graphic models of the feed indicator when choosing the technological mode of the combined harvester - working speed, depending on its design productivity, the width of the harvester’s grip, and the grain yield of ear crops. Keywords: grain harvester, drum-type thresher, feed of bread mass, grain threshing, grain harvester.