Хірургічні аспекти лікування перфоративних гастродуоденальних виразок із поєднаними ускладненнями пенетрацією, стенозом та гострою кровотечею

Abstract

The problem of surgical treatment of perforation of gastroduodenal ulcers (GDU) remains relevant and difficult, despite the introduction of new schemes of anti-ulcer and eradication therapy. Algorithms of surgical approaches and tactics of surgical treatment of patients with perforated GDU in combination with other complications in various combinations have not been developed. Purpose - to improve the results of surgical treatment of GDU with associated complications. Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of patients with complicated GDU for the period from 2000 to 2022 are presented. In total, 353 (100%) patients with perforated GDU in combination with other complications (a combination of two or more complications) were operated on. There were 52 (14.7%) patients with gastric ulcer perforation, and 301 (85.3%) patients with duodenal perforation. There were 267 (75.6%) patients with a combination of two complications; with a combination of three complications in 78 (22.1%) patients; four - 8 (2.3%) patients. The combination of perforation with gastrointestinal bleeding was observed in 138 (39.1%) patients. Results. The vast majority of patients (267 (75.6%)) had a combination of two complications. The number of patients with a combination of three complications was 78 (22.1%). The number of patients with a combination of all complications was insignificant - 8 (2.3%) people. The implementation of the developed algorithm made it possible to reduce the number of postoperative complications and mortality from 12% to 6.5%. The highest rate of complications and mortality was observed among patients with a combination of multiple (three and four) complications who underwent gastric resection - 3 (33.3%) patients, and the lowest mortality rate was observed among patients who underwent organ-preserving operations - 6 (2.8%) patients. Conclusions. In patients with perforated GDU in combination with bleeding, the use of endoscopic hemostasis made it possible to stabilize the patient and better prepare him for surgical intervention, and reduce the number of postoperative complications and mortality rates by almost 2 times. The use of resection techniques was extremely limited and had the highest rate of complications and mortality. Implementation of the developed algorithm made it possible to optimize surgical tactics when combining perforation with other complications of GDU. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The research protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the institution mentioned in the work. Informed consent of the patients was obtained for the research. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.