Abstract
The ways to ensure fire safety of camping tents and campgrounds are considered in this article. To reduce the risk of fire it was developed a number of rules and requirements for location of camping tents at the campground; for organization of a special places for firepits; for indoor usage of fire and electrical appliances, etc. Coating of a tent fabric and its constructive elements by special compounds is also important. To identify the most efficient ways of coating the surface of a tent there were conducted the experimental studies of the tent fabrics and cords and defined appropriate formulations of paints and impregnations. Experimental researches were conducted using fabrics with different density and fibrous structure determining ignition time, self-combustion time and edge burning out time. Application of impregnations for coating the tent fabrics gave the positive results. Effect of the flame on the cotton fabric resulted only in charring its edges, without ignition. The value of self-combustion time of polyester fabric was increased in two times: from 25 to 50 s. The results of experiment showed that polyester fabric with density of 230 g/m 2 has ignited on 2 seconds faster than cotton fabric with density of 250 g/m 2 . Experimental studies on smoke-forming ability showed the minimum value for cotton fabric samples containing from 38 to 64 m 2 /kg of a flame retardant impregnation and maximum value for polyester fabric samples containing from 1054 to 1248 m 2 /kg. Tests on toxicity of tent fabrics showed increased toxicity coefficient for polyester fabric samples coated by fire retardant impregnation (from 69 to 100 mg/m 3 ) and decreased toxicity coefficient for coated cotton fabric samples (from 36 to 27 mg/m 3 ). During the tests of cords used for tent fastening it was determined the breakage time and the self-ignition time after breakage. As a result of experiment it was defined that the reflective paint coating increases the self-ignition time of cotton and polyester cords, with diameter of 2.5 mm, more than in two times and increases the breakage time of polyamide cords with diameter of 2 mm. The main conclusion is that coating of tent fabrics and fastening cords by fire retardant impregnation, reflecting and luminous paints increases fire resistance and decreases smoke-forming and toxicity coefficients. Coating of tent fabrics by special paints allows reducing penetration of radiation from the sun and artificial light sources, creating comfortable environment inside the tent.
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