Сравнительный анализ представлений о молодом ученом в российской и зарубежной научной практике

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine portrait characteristics of a young scientist in the foreign and Russian academic practice in order to design pedagogical conditions for their development in the university environment. The article presents an overview of research papers on the issue of determining specifics of the “young scientist” and “young scientist’s competence” categories, as well as legal documents regulating requirements for participants of grant and competitive programmes for young scientists. The study is novel in that it defines the category “young scientist” as a specific socio-professional group of scientists distinguished within the academic community on the basis of a number of criteria (among them are age; degree of involvement in a research project; qualification requirements and others) and the category “young scientist’s competence” as a person’s integrative dynamic quality expressed in their awareness of social and personal significance of research activities with the purpose of obtaining new knowledge, in internal motive for its implementation revealed in the process of productive solution of research tasks on the basis of the mastered system of methodological knowledge, methods and ways of research. The author has also determined the range of the pedagogical conditions contributing to young scientists’ academic career development in higher education institutions of the Russian Federation (actualising young scientists’ motivation for research work, enriching the educational environment of a university with event-based practices, involving a young scientist in the activity and reflexive process of competence development). As a result, based on a comparative analysis of the Russian and foreign experience, practical recommendations for specialised structural divisions of the Russian universities in terms of organising young scientists’ effective research work have been formulated.