Abstract
Determining the role of intuition in the process of cognition is an urgent problem in modern science and philosophy. Scientific ideas about intuition are based on the assumption of the interaction between feelings, experience and reason in the process of obtaining knowledge. The research of intuition in modern philosophy relies on the definition of its ontological and epistemological characteristics, the formation of a new understanding of intuition, the identification of its place and role in the structure of cognition. One of the trends in studying the phenomenon of intuition in philosophy is the historical and philosophical direction (Asmus V.F., Sokolov V.V.), which allows us to turn to the search for meanings laid down by thinkers of the past in this concept and determine the role of the phenomenon of intuition in the process of achieving true knowledge. Using the method of comparative historical analysis allows us to identify periods of interpretation of intuition in the general context of the development of philosophical ideas and determine their uniqueness depending on a specific historical period. Philosophers adopt the shape of science – axiomatic structure of theory construction – and implement it for the expression of their philosophic views. R. Descartes was the first who formulated the statement that the axioms accepted without proof, or “provided by mind” intuitions, which should be considered the initial, starting points of knowledge. Subsequently, his doctrine about intuition and the types of reliable knowledge developed further in philosophical systems of B. Spinoza and G. Leibniz. The concept of intuition, which is opposite to sensory knowledge with its randomness, unreliability, importance of details, forms the basis of reliable, mathematical knowledge. Mathematical knowledge acts as the ideal which the rational scrutiny of the world should seek to reach. Comprehensive and necessary features of the axioms, the fundamental bases of knowledge are directly perceived by the forces of mind. At the same time, it was a real stumbling block to determine such unconditional knowledge bases. As such bases, R. Descartes regarded “inborn ideas”, B. Spinoza – intellectual intuitions, while G. Leibniz – initial properties of thinking. Conducting a historical and philosophical study of the concept of intuition in the context of the Modern era allows us to conclude about the cognitive potential of intuition, which consists in the further unfolding of knowledge as a deductive following from the first axiom to “lower truths”.
Published Version
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