Картографо-геоинформационное обеспечение почвенных и агрохимических исследований (на примере отдельного сельскохозяйственного предприятия)

Abstract

The study of land soils is of no small importance for agricultural enterprises, since the main role in ensuring the productivity of agriculture belongs to the soil. Currently, they are actively using geoinformation-cartographic support of soil and geochemical research of the territory. The aim of this work was to create a cartographic database of soils for a separate agricultural enterprise. The relevance of the development of a cartographic database (CDB) of the soils of the lands of an individual agricultural enterprise is associated with the need to comprehensively take into account all agrochemical and environmental factors important for sustainable agricultural productivity, and monitor soil fertility of the farm. The main source of thematic data was materials from an agrochemical survey of agricultural soils. In addition, land use and farm location plans, a topographic map, and satellite imagery were used. The GIS environment was the ArcGIS 10 software product. It provides the ability to work with geodatabases, as well as a set of tools for automated mapping, spatial analysis, and mathematical-cartographic modeling. As a result of the work, the CDB structure was designed, a set of spatial GIS data was generated, the content, layout and design of thematic maps of a separate agricultural enterprise were developed. The ordered structure of the CDB makes it easy and simple to work with data and carry out the necessary spatial analysis. The use of modern methods of geographic information and mathematical cartographic modeling allowed us to create a more detailed geographic information and cartographic support for the study of soil in the territory. On the basis of modern GIS technologies, in order to improve the perception and analysis of information when constructing cartographic models, stepless scales were used, conditional surfaces were built, etc. To create typological synthetic characteristics and further display them on a map, methods of multivariate mathematical-statistical analysis were used. A typological soil-geochemical map is constructed, which shows the differentiation of the studied cultivated areas according to a complex of agrochemical indicators. For the purposes of further research, a detailed digital relief model of the study area was built. The cartographic database is already used in research on optimizing land management using GIS technologies, agroecological assessment of arable land, rational use of rural territories, etc.