ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВІДТВОРЕННЯ КАТЕГОРІЇ ОЦІНКИ ПРИ ПЕРЕКЛАДІ ПОЛІТИЧНИХ ПРОМОВ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the methods of translation of linguistic means of expressing the evaluation category based on the material of translations of political speeches from the Ukrainian language into English. In the field of linguistics, the category of assessment causes a number of disagreements. Evaluation as a functional-semantic category extends to all levels of language and is represented by a set of linguistic units with an evaluative meaning, which express a positive or negative attitude of the speaker to the content of the message aimed at the implementation of a certain communicative task. The assessment is characterized by a specific structure. Mandatory components of the evaluative construction are distinguished: evaluative subject and object. Among the classifications of assessment existing in linguistics, the most appropriate for the analysis of the specified category in political discourse is the classification identified by E. M. Wolf, which provides for the division of rational and emotional, positive and negative, absolute and relative assessment of the subject and the object. The analysis of the presented excerpts revealed that rational and emotional evaluations are represented in almost equal numbers, negative evaluations are twice as large as positive ones and in the comparison of absolute and relative evaluations, the latter is completely absent. The search for a translation counterpart turned out to be a common method of translation of all types of expressions of the evaluation category Various translation transformations at the grammatical and lexical levels were applied when translating the means of expression of the evaluation category. The lexical level is reproduced by searching for equivalents or translational counterparts. At the grammatical level, various grammatical transformations are used,such as permutations, substitutions, additions