КРЕДИТНИЙ РИЗИК У СУЧАСНИХ УМОВАХ

Abstract

The article carried out scientific research and investigated the problem of the correct interpretation of the concept of "credit risk". The norms of the current legislation of Ukraine regarding the definition of the concept of "credit risk (CR)", which is regulated as the amount of expected losses or damages (EL) for an asset as a result of the debtor’s (counterparty’s) default, have been analyzed. The concepts of "default" and "credit loss" are considered, the National Bank of Ukraine’s assessment of the credit portfolio due to the war is disclosed, the losses of which are estimated at the level of 30%, which poses a great threat to the banking sector. Changes to a number of regulatory documents regarding prudential credit risk assessment approaches have been analyzed: banks’ opportunities to apply simplified credit risk assessment procedures have been expanded; established temporary features of credit risk assessment to support banks in providing flexible conditions, socalled credit holidays, to borrowers in a period of uncertainty; an amendment was made to the Instruction on the Procedure for Regulating the Activities of Banks in Ukraine, which reduced the risk weight (RWA) from 150% to 100% for consumer unsecured loans. The restrictions on foreign currency exchange operations related to non-resident banks on the so-called "stop" conditions for the first group of the Foreign Currency Classifier to support the liquidity of banks have been substantiated. Innovations of the International Financial Reporting Standard IFRS (IFRS) were studied, which in the legal and economic context of the essence of credit risks provides for the concept of expected credit losses (which will always be greater than zero), which should reflect probable losses due to the ownership of financial assets. The means of reducing credit risks were analyzed, in particular, diversification: geographical and portfolio. Considering the specifics of credit risks, the specifics of credit transactions are substantiated. The criteria for assessing credit risks based on qualitative and quantitative analysis are revealed. It was concluded that the actual assessment of credit risks in financial terms is under the influence of credit risk on the financial results of business entities and banking institutions and the specifics of credit operations.