Формирование урожайности сортов сои различных групп спелости под влиянием способов посева и норм высева

Abstract

Purpose: to study the influence of sowing methods and seeding rates on soybean development and productivity under irrigation conditions on Rostov region soils. Materials and methods. Field studies were carried out on meadow-chernozem soils in Rostov region under irrigation conditions in 2020–2022. Experiment scheme was the following: factor A – soybean varieties: early ripening variety Selecta 201 and medium early variety Selecta 302; factor B – soybean sowing methods with a row spacing of 0.70; 0.45 and 0.15 m; factor C – seeding rate: 800, 600 and 400 thousand viable seeds per 1 ha. The studies were carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods, taking into account zonal features. Results. It has been determined that the highest yield in the early variety Selecta 201 was obtained in the variant with a row spacing of 0.45 m and a seeding rate of 600 thousand units/ha – 4.69 t/ha, that exceeds the data of the control variant by 0.30 t/ha. Such an yield was formed due to the high field germination of seeds at the level of 95 %, linear growth indicators – 123 cm, leaf area duration – 74.8 thousand square meters/ha and a relatively high plant green matter – 7.06 t/ha. It is also possible to single out an option with a row spacing of 0.15 m and a seeding rate of 800 thousand units/ha – 4.67 t/ha. The medium early variety Selecta 302 has a high field germination of seeds at the level of 94 %, linear growth rates – 127 cm, leaf area duration – 74.2 thousand square meters/ha and plant green matter – 6.99 t/ha allowed to form a high yield of soybean seeds 4.87 t/ha at a seeding rate of 600 thousand units/ha and a row spacing of 0.45 m. Conclusion: a comparative assessment showed that the best option when culti-vating varieties Selecta 201 and Selecta 302 is the sowing method with a row spacing of 0.45 m and a seeding rate of 600 thousand units/ha with an yield of 4.69 and 4.87 t/ha respectively.