ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ СИГНАЛЬНОГО НАЛОЖЕНИЯ ГИДРАВЛИКИ В МОДЕЛЯХ ПУСТОТ КАК ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕТРИИ ДЛЯ КАРТИРОВАНИЯ КАРСТОПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ

Abstract

The study of the karst territories for their use for optimal placement of subsurface use facilities, as well as the construction of engineering structures on them, is an important geotechnological and operational task. Based on the calculation of the hydraulic parameters of the geological environment, the article shows that karst objects are the cause of the formation of drainage regime and water loss, up to the drainage of this environment. It has been established that even small sizes of karst voids lead to fluctuations in the level of deep waters (UGW) and the formation of aeration layers. It is determined that in watered, deep strata, exploration and monitoring of karst objects is sufficiently reliable, in combination with the analysis of measured filtration rates according to the hydraulic model, methods of resistivimetry and thermometry of wells provide. Whereas, when mapping karsts above the UGV and in the covering strata, it is advisable to rely on the identification of signal aeration and dehumidification of the medium using the electrometric method, based on the connection of models of hydraulics and fields of electrical conductivity. The principal possibilities of geophysical methods of karst mapping are considered. It is established that the depth and coverage of exploration should exceed the size of the focus of filtration disturbances in the studied arrays. It is shown that the registration of high-frequency signals does not allow to ensure the reliability of the assessment of karstological safety.