Пожарно-технические характеристики строительных материалов в европейских и российских нормативных документах. Проблемы гармонизации методов исследования и классификации

Abstract

The necessity of harmonization of national and international standards in construction is reflected in the orders of the President of the Russian Federation following the meeting of the State Council held on 17 may 2016. In Russia, each of the properties the fire hazard of building materials (combustibility, flammability, smoke-forming ability and toxicity of combustion products, flame spreading over the surface), are divided into groups, membership of which is determined by using regulated testing and a clear gradation of values. Based on the tests define the properties of fire danger, and together these properties of the construction material is categorized into five classes of fire danger KM0, KM1, KM2, KM3, KM4 frames, KM5 accordance with the requirements of Federal law No. 123 “Technical regulation on fire safety requirements”. The aim of the investigation. Assessment of the necessary steps to overcome the systemic barriers interaction of national and European standardization systems. Methods. Numerous studies have found that currently existing in the Russian Federation, regulatory documents on fire safety contain largely different from the European fire safety requirements for building materials. Also largely missing are comparable methods of researches (tests) and measurements for conformity to fire safety requirements. In some cases, with the same classes assigned to the materials in accordance with European standard, classes of fire hazard, rated in accordance with Russian state standards, vary considerably. Results. The lack of correlated characteristics, which are required for determining the class of fire hazard of the material, is the main obstacle for the interaction of domestic and European measurement systems. Conclusion. To accelerate this process: § requires a systematic approach to the process of harmonization, a clear understanding of the hierarchy of the regulatory documents and their mappings, the so-called “road map” development and adoption of international and European standards in the industry; § development, adoption of the algorithm and the rules of the association of test results with a certain (predetermined) error in different classifications with the introduction of these recommendations in the regulations.