ВЛИЯНИЕ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ НА ТЕЧЕНИЕ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ И РОДОВ, А ТАКЖЕ ИХ ИСХОДЫ ДЛЯ МАТЕРИ И НОВОРОЖДЕННОГО (СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР)

Abstract

Significance. COVID-19 is a potentially fatal infection, however data on its progression in pregnant women is currently limited. The most important issues remain the features of the COVID-19 progression in pregnant women, the impact of COVID-19 on the course of pregnancy, approaches to the treatment of pregnant women and their delivery, as well as the impact of a new coronavirus infection on the fetus, the study of which is an urgent task. Purpose: to summarize data on the impact of a new coronavirus infection on pregnancy and delivery, as well as its outcomes for the mother and newborn according to scientific publications by Russian and foreign authors. Material and methods. Relevant publications on COVID-19 progression in pregnant women, the COVID-19 impact on pregnancy, delivery and its outcomes for the mother and newborn were analyzed. The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using PICO(S) criteria. Results. According to data from early research, pregnant women with COVID-19 had a more severe course of the disease, higher risk of gestational complications, higher demand for intensive care in intensive care unit - 1.5% versus 0.9% in non-pregnant women, as well as artificial lung ventilation (1.7 times), although mortality in the groups of pregnant and non-pregnant did not differ equaling to 0.2%. Among possible risks of complications after COVID-19 infection the domestic and foreign literature names spontaneous miscarriages in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, birth of newborns of low weight for gestational age and prematurity, development of fetoplacental insufficiency, delayed fetal development due to lower utero-placental blood flow during COVID-19, exacerbation of chronic somatic conditions (diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, autoimmune processes, endocrine disorders), and postpartum bleeding. The COVID-19 effect on fetus is still the subject of numerous discussions and studies, there is evidence that women with COVID-19 have a higher risk of premature birth with all the consequences for the newborn. Conclusion. Physiological changes associated with pregnancy increase maternal susceptibility to infections in general, so the course of the disease may have its own characteristics during pregnancy. The new coronavirus infection is more severe in pregnant women with chronic diseases, obesity, arterial hypertension, and in older age groups. According to the data obtained, adverse outcomes include early and late spontaneous miscarriages, hemostasiological disorders in pregnant women and parturient women, fetoplacental insufficiency with fetal growth retardation, preterm delivery of newborns who are small for gestational age, and their prematurity with all the consequences.