Геологічні пам’ятки Середнього Подніпров’я та оцінка їх екологічного стану

Abstract

The territory of the Middle Dnipro, one of the most developed regions of Ukraine, is characterized by a high geological diversity. There is a significant number of nature reserves of different subordination in this area. The paper describes geological natural monuments, which are identified within Middle Dnipro Ragion. The construction of the Kaniv and Kremenchug reservoirs led to the intensification of gravitational, erosion, abrasion processes along their banks, which has worsened the state of geological natural monuments. An inventory of geological objects of the Middle Dnipro and an analysis of their ecological status are necessary for further selection and study of special areas, and scientific monitoring will provide new knowledge about geological formations, their structure and history of origin. The paper presents geological and geomorphological features of the Middle Dnipro coastal strip. The complicated geological structure and dismemberment of the territory protects natural landscapes from human intervention. It is noted that, in recent years, exogenous processes associated with regional climate change have intensified. A total of nine natural objects of different rank have been identified, which are located in the coastal zone of the Dnipro and reservoirs. The natural and anthropogenic factors that affect the state of these geological natural monuments have been identified. The monitoring revealed vulnerable locations and suggested possible means of preservation for geological monuments within the Middle Dnipro. Natural hazards that cause gravitational movements and can destroy natural objects have been revealed to be the most dangerous processes. It is emphasized that it is impossible to avoid such threats, except for preventive measures of engineering and technical nature. Among the anthropogenic hazards are the extraction of construction minerals, construction and business activities within the objects of the nature reserve fund. Conservation measures for natural geological monuments include strengthening the protection of natural objects; the arrangement of monuments with state signs and demarcation of the boundaries of protected areas; display of information boards.