Abstract
대공간은 높은 층고로 인해서 화재시 연기 발생량이 수십만 CMH에 달할 수 있으며, 연기의 국한화가 일반 건물에 비해 어렵기 때문에 대공간에 효과적인 연기제어 시스템의 설계와 운영이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 실제 대공간 규모의 해석모델에 대해서 현재 제시되어 있는 설계기준을 근거로 대공간의 기계배연 시스템에 대한 설계를 수행하고, 3차원 수치해석 기법을 활용하여 설계안에 대한 수치적 분석을 수행하였다. 그리고 설계안의 배연량을 변경해 가며 수치해석을 수행하고 결과를 분석하였다. 연기층 두께, 발열량, 플럼의 질량유량, 공급공기의 속도, 배기구 1개당 최대유량 및 배기구간 최소거리 등의 주요 설계인자를 반영하여 설계를 수행한 결과 대공간의 건물높이가 25 m이고 정상성상의 발열량이 5,275 kW인 경우 전체 배연량은 527,459 CMH로 계산된다. 그리고 기계배연 시스템에서 배연량이 감소하면 연기층 높이가 낮아지고 연기층의 온도가 상승한다. Because of extended floor height in large space, smoke generated in fire would possibly reach to hundreds of thousands CMH and more difficulty in limiting the smoke than normal building requires effective smoke control system design and operation for a large space. In this study, design of mechanical smoke control for a large space was carried out based on existing design standard with regard to large space model and numerical analysis was also carried out using 3D numerical analysis method. Numerical analysis was carried out while changing flow rate of mechanical exhaust, which was followed by analysis of the result. As a result of implementing the design by incorporating major design factors including thickness of smoke layer, heat release rate, mass flow rate of plume, air supply velocity, maximum flow rate per exhaust outlet and minimum distance between exhaust outlets, total exhaust flow rate was calculated as 527,459 CMH when building height was 25 m and heat release rate of steady state was 5,275 kW. And the less the exhaust flow rate, the lower the smoke layer height and higher the smoke layer temperature.
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