Abstract
The aim of the article is to investigate the historical development of the architectural form of the megaron and identify the factors that contributed to the rethinking of its functional features: from a purely utilitarian to a cult purpose. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach and relies on the analytical (when analyzing art history and cultural literature on the subject of research), historical (when clarifying the stages of the formation of the megaron as a form of cult architecture) and conceptual (when analyzing the influence of the processes of aestheticization, ethization and sacralization on the formation of the megaron). The scientific novelty of the article is to identify the factors that contributed to the rethinking of its functional features: from a purely utilitarian to a cult purpose. The results. The evolution of the architectural form of the megaron – from adobe houses with a place for a fire and an overnight stay in the stone building itself, certifying the fact of aestheticization (I invoke this form in the historical development of mankind). In particular, the example of the Temple of Hera in Olympia shows the imitation of wooden structures in stone architecture. This fact historically testifies to the peculiarities of the formation of the Dorian architectural order in Greek culture. Reconsideration of the megaron as a residential building, and as a result of a monumental temple, an altar, is a process of etization and sacralization. This also applies to the columns, in particular, which are first erected out of technological necessity, and over time serve as a necessary aesthetic attribute of the architectural form of the megaron. If clay and wooden buildings were erected mainly for the life of people, then the stone megaron, according to the technology of processing raw materials and the principles of construction, were many times more complicated – they became a kind of monuments and temples, often of a purely religious purpose. The reason for this is not only an understanding of the strength and endurance of raw materials, because if people created structures of stone only so that the latter would withstand as long as possible, then these amazing artifacts would not be so exquisitely and filigree decorated. The practical significance. Key points and the research results can be useful for studies of the processes of cultural development of mankind, in particular, consideration of the history of architecture and sculpture, the processes of aesthetization, ethization and sacralization. Moreover, the article can be used for educational disciplines of culturological and art history in Ukraine and abroad.
Published Version
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