Abstract
In this work the structure, the chemical composition and properties of advanced polymers are studied. Production methods and techniques are discussed, as well as the scientific research that led to their discovery. Examples of their application are reported, highlighting the contribution of advanced polymers both in the development of other scientific fields (such as medicine, natural sciences, biology, aeronautics), as well as in the discovery of new methods of industrial production. Emphasis is given to the possibilities provided by nanotechnology for the creation of innovative polymers and hybrid organic/inorganic or composite materials. The concept of colour, according to the quantum theory and the theory of molecular orbitals, is investigated and the colour–structure direct relation of objects is realized. The categories, the structure and chemical composition of dyestuffs that are used to colorize advanced polymers are determined. The methods of creating self-coloured polymers and their properties are described. Τhe advantages provided by the control οf significant parameters during production procedure are pointed out. Examples of self-coloured advanced polymers and their corresponding applications in significant production sectors are listed and positive effects of their use in the protection of environment and living organisms are mentioned.
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