Факторы риска и качество жизни женщин в периодах пери- и постменопаузы в городе Ереван, Армения

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Menopause is associated with various somatic, vasomotor, sexual and psychological symptoms that adversely affect the quality of life of women in peri- and postmenopausal periods. AIM: To assess the quality of life (QoL) of women in peri- and postmenopausal periods, to identify factors producing a negative effect on him during these periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: А cross-sectional study was conducted through a survey of 353 women above 40. To assess QoL, the SF 36 questionnaire was used. Sociodemographic factors and peculiarities of health status of the participants were considered risk factors. The data were introduced and analyzed using SPSS 23 statistical package. Statistical significance of the results was evaluated by Kruskal–Wallis test with the subsequent a posteriori analysis, and Mann–Whitney test. RESULTS: Peri- and post menopause had negative impact on the parameters of physical component of QoL and all its domains. Participants with regular menstruation had a reliably higher score of physical component of QoL compared to peri- and postmenopausal women (p < 0.001). The scores of physical component of QoL were higher in women at the age under 50 compared to women of older age groups. The scores were higher in women with higher and secondary special education compared to participants with general secondary education (p < 0.05). Higher scores of physical and psychological components of QoL were recorded in working women compared to the retired group (p < 0.05). The parameters of psychological component of QoL were the highest among married and single women. Parameters of physical and mental components of QoL were higher in groups with the income above and at the level of the living minimum compared to those who reported the income below the minimum wage (p < 0.001). A reliably higher scores of physical and mental components of QoL were recorded in participants with favorable microclimate in families compared to the group with an unfavorable one (p < 0.01). A reliable relationship was found between the evaluation of the health and parameters of both components of QoL by the participants. Higher scores were recorded in women who evaluated their health as excellent and above average compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). The presence of chronic diseases had a negative impact on both components of QoL. CONCLUSION: The factors producing negative effects on QoL of women in peri- and postmenopausal periods were the older age, general health status, low educational level, retirement, unfavorable family status and family microclimate, low family income.