Abstract
Introduction: nowadays, many developed countries are faced with the inevitable housing crisis due to ultrahigh prices for housing. In Russia this problem is no less relevant: the citizens have much less opportunity to buy even economy class apartments, not to mention truly comfortable housing that meets all the requirements of a particular family. To solve the problems of the accessibility and customization of apartments at the residential real estate market, the review of the world and local housebuilding models from the economic, social and architectural points of view was presented.
 Materials and methods: housing affordability criteria for end-user were defined; the economic principles of the formation of the market value of housing in the primary market were described for further analysis of the basic fundamental models of construction depending on the degree of end-user involvement at different stages of construction.
 Results: the average cost of acquiring housing based on different models was calculated; architectural, planning and legal features of each model were found. Definitions and basic principles of speculative housebuilding, customization, self-build (in various options), community land trusts and cooperative housing were given and considered. The main trends in the construction of residential buildings were identified and the comparative analysis of possible financial models of housebuilding was carried out to create the new socio-economic housing construction model.
 Conclusions: by reducing the “user - house” chain we are reducing the cost of a square meter of housing for the user. The most expensive model of construction is the speculative housebuilding model, and the most expedient is the self-build model, which is applicable only for low-rise individual housebuilding. At the same time, housing cooperatives make it possible to build dwelling houses at almost the same cost as self-build housing thanks to a convenient financial work scheme. Nevertheless, the creation of housing cooperative today is associated with a lot of risks and difficulties which impedes the spread of this model in Russia.
Highlights
Introduction: nowadays, many developed countries are faced with the inevitable housing crisis due to ultrahigh prices for housing
Materials and methods: housing affordability criteria for enduser were defined; the economic principles of the formation of the market value of housing in the primary market were described for further analysis of the basic fundamental models of construction depending on the degree of end-user involvement at different stages of construction
Results: the average cost of acquiring housing based on different models was calculated; architectural, planning and legal features of each model were found
Summary
Должна стоять задача не только банального предоставления квадратных метров для существования и получения прибыли застройщиком, но и формирования нового, более достойного и полноценного образа жизни семей. Что городская среда вкупе с индивидуальными жилыми пространствами формирует мышление и моральный облик горожан [7]: как говорил Уинстон Черчилль, «сначала мы строим дома, потом дома строят нас We shape our buildings, and afterwards, our buildings shape us)» [8]. Имеет место необходимость подробного изучения и анализа существующих социально-экономических моделей строительства для последующей разработки новой, более совершенной модели, которая позволит жителям приобретать жилье, отвечающее их индивидуальным запросам, по доступным ценам
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