Дистанційне зондування як ефективний інструмент проєктування доріг

Abstract

The subject of this study is the process of engineering and geodetic surveys for developing road projects. The purpose of this article is to improve the efficiency of the process of engineering and geodetic research in road design by implementing remote data from various sources and their systematization and algorithmization of use. The task is to analyze the preparatory and field stages of the process to determine possible ways of increasing its efficiency. Focusing on information flows, to develop an information model of the process of engineering and geodetic surveys and the corresponding scientific and methodological support for road design to introduce advanced technologies for collecting data about the terrain, which reduce the time of surveys and increase the accuracy of the results obtained. For this, the following methods are used: system and structural analysis, set theory, and DFD modeling. Scientific results have been obtained. The requirements of the current legislation regarding searches and the best experience of their conduct have been systematized. A set-theoretic model of information flows of the process of engineering and geodetic surveys is proposed, with the involvement of structural modeling approaches that make it possible to combine remote data from different sources and consider the dynamics of their changes and the logic of interaction. The IDEF0 model, which considers remote sensing data as a source of accurate and up-to-date information, has been developed, and the data flow diagram algorithmizes the mechanism of their combination to obtain the necessary topographical and geodetic materials. The developed scientific and methodical support for information support of road design creates a structure of information technology for engineering and geodetic surveys. Its experimental use has confirmed the reduction of the time for performing geodetic works while simultaneously increasing the accuracy of the obtained geometric and geodetic parameters, which are necessary for the formation of objective conclusions when forming the estimate of the road project, determining the scope of works, etc. Conclusions. The results of the bibliographic search confirmed that the effectiveness of the topographic-geodetic survey procedure in road design is complicated by the large size of the geographical areas to be surveyed, complex engineering and geological conditions, or the presence of restrictions on the duration of work and financial resources. This leads to the need to practically implement into the project-research organizations new approaches based on highly productive methods of collecting information about the area. The scientific and methodological provision of information support for road design has been developed, in particular, the structure of the information technology of engineering and geodetic surveys. Its experimental use has confirmed the reduction of the time required to perform searches and the improvement of the accuracy of the obtained geometric and geodetic parameters of the area where the implementation of the road project is planned.