ОСОБЕННОСТИ МИКРОБНОГО ПЕЙЗАЖА ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОСТРЫМ И ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ СИНУСИТОМ, ВЫЗВАННЫМ ПЛЕНКООБРАЗУЮЩИМИ БАКТЕРИЯМИ

Abstract

The cause of bacterial sinusitis can be both a decrease in reactivity and a weakening of the macroorganism, which occurs as a result of an acute respiratory illness or hypothermia, and as a result of trauma, deformation of the nasal septum, the presence of a foreign body and other factors. Biofilms and, as a consequence, antibacterial resistance are an important predictor of bacterial sinusitis. To date, it is assumed that 90% of the studied types of microorganisms are capable of forming biofilms. The topic of the species spectrum of microorganisms and their associations capable of film formation is poorly studied. When prescribing antibiotic therapy, one has to be guided by epidemiological data on the types of possible pathogens, their ability to form film and sensitivity to groups of antibacterial drugs in accordance with current clinical protocols. The aim of the study was to study the microbial landscape of patients with acute and chronic sinusitis, to determine the ability to form biofilms. To determine the microbial spectrum, a one-stage cross-sectional study was carried out, the coverage of which was 52 patients with a diagnosis of "Acute maxillary sinusitis" and 61 patients with a diagnosis of "Chronic maxillary sinusitis". In all patients, a quantitative determination of the microflora of the paranasal sinuses was performed, followed by taking into account patients with microorganisms isolated in an etiologically significant amount and determining the ability to biofilm formation. It was found that the most common microorganisms in patients with acute sinusitis were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae; with chronic - Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella oxytoca, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mixed infection was detected in 28% of patients with acute sinusitis and 17% with chronic sinusitis. The ability to form biofilms was exhibited by 88% of isolates isolated from patients with acute sinusitis and 93% of isolates from patients with chronic sinusitis. Thus, the study of the spectrum of microorganisms that form biofilms is an integral part of the study of the etiology and pathogenesis of acute and chronic sinusitis.