СТРУКТУРНА МОДИФІКАЦІЯ ПОЛІМЕРНИХ КОМПОЗИЦІЙНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ НАНОЧАСТКАМИ

Abstract

The article analyzes the current state of the problem of creating a nanocomposite material based on polymer matrices and theoretically substantiates the significant influence of nanomodifiers of different nature on the structure of the polymer composite. Modifiers of the epoxy matrix were selected, their structure and dispersion were identified. It was found that the formation of a more homogeneous structure leads to an increase in the properties of polymer composites, such as strength. The study of prototypes of modified epoxy composites by X-ray phase analysis confirms a change in the structure of the composite. Based on a comparative analysis of the studied modifiers, aerosil, shungite and thermally expanded graphite were selected in order to trace the qualitative and quantitative effect of the modifier on the physicochemical properties of the nanomodified material based on the epoxy compound. The choice is due to the comparative availability of these materials and the ability to vary the physicochemical properties of composite materials using natural or industrially produced nanomodifiers, which will allow not to increase costs compared to expensive fullerene carbon modifiers. A search for optimal modes for obtaining nanomodified polymer composites was conducted. Analysis of X-ray patterns of a series of samples modified with shungite, thermally expanded graphite and aerosil shows a significant change in the structure of the polymer composite material. Changes in the intensity of the maxima characterizing the structured blocks and the distances between them in the polymer, depending on the amount of the introduced modifier provided the basis for developing a mechanism for the interaction of nanomodifiers with the polymer matrix. A model for the interaction of carbon nanomodifiers with the polymer matrix at the molecular level is proposed. It is shown that π-electrons of both the matrix component and the modifier participate in the polymerization process. A mechanism for the interaction of nanomodifiers with the epoxy matrix at the molecular level is proposed. The obtained data can be used in the technological process when introducing a modifier directly into the binder and adjusting the "epoxy matrix:hardener" ratio.