Методика та обладнання для проведення енергетичного аудиту

Abstract

The rise in value and the exhaustion of traditional energy resources make humanity more motivated to find ways to make them more efficient and economical. The main strategic directions for increasing energy efficiency and implementing the energy saving potential are structural and technological restructuring of the Ukrainian economy, the creation of administrative, regulatory and legal mechanisms that promote energy efficiency and energy conservation. The purpose of the research is to search for the possibilities of energy saving and help the subjects of management in determining the directions of their effective energy use. In general, two types of energy audits can be distinguished: express energy audit and integrated energy audit. There may also be energy audits of individual engineering systems. Express audit involves a superficial survey of the building and identifying the most obvious disadvantages, as well as outlining a work plan for integrated energy audit. Usually the accuracy of the recommendations of such an audit is estimated at 10-20%. Comprehensive energy audit involves in-depth study of the design of the building and engineering networks, carrying out instrumental measurements and preparation of a detailed plan for the implementation of energy-efficient measures, including economic analysis. Analysis of the share of expenses of different types of energy in total costs allows us to outline the previous direction of the energy audit, paying attention to the types of energy with the highest share of costs. This allows us to estimate the specific energy consumption of the main and auxiliary industries per unit of output, compared with similar advanced production, allows us to estimate the share of energy costs in the cost of production. The balance of the individual energy resources of an object allows in general to assess the efficiency of the use of different energy sources, to pay attention to individual energy consumers for their in-depth study. Determination of the most energy-consuming consumers of the object, for which the initial data of the catalog nature are established, the schemes of energy use, and also by means of the corresponding measurements, the operational parameters of their work are determined for the further evaluation of the energy use efficiency. On the basis of the analysis, it is concluded that the individual technological solutions adopted in the current object or the replacement of some of them with the progressive ones, while determining the cost of changing the technology, are substantiated and the conclusion is drawn as to the appropriateness of the investment. Thus, the most important aspect of conducting energy audits is the additional economic benefit that a customer (energy user) receives from identifying sites with inefficient and inefficient use of various types of energy and finding ways to save it, which will ultimately lead to energy modernization and energy independence as an individual consumer, and our state as a whole.