Образ Яна Гуса у богословському дискурсі: сучасний погляд

Abstract

Background: The 500th anniversary of the Reformation, which the whole world and Ukraine celebrated in 2017, has brought to the scientists attention to the outstanding historical figures of the 15th and 17th centuries, their heritage and their role in preparing and conducting of the church reforms. The Czech humanist Jan Hus occupies a special place among the European reformers. His personality in recent decades has been reinterpreted in the world historical and theological literature. His works are the subject of close study in the context of the modern ecumenical understanding of the Reformation. Purpose: The purpose of the author’s analysis is to compare different scientific approaches in the study of the activities and creativity of Jan Hus, which were worked out in Slavic studies of the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries, as well as those proposed by modern Hussitology. The main attention is paid to the theological works of Jan Hus, especially his treatise “The Church” Their study showed: the Czech humanist sought to reform the Western Church based on its return to the ecclesiology of undivided Christianity, its collegiate management. In his review of the role of the papacy, Hus did not accept the concept of ultramontance. Results: According to the author, it is doubtful the possible identification of the views of Jan Hus, which reflected the problems of early Czech Reformation, with the ideology of the Hussite movement in different, especially radical, parties operating in other political and religious conditions. In their treatise “The Church”, a Czech humanist showed himself as a faithful son of the Church, striving for its reform and moral rebirth. Many Catholic thinkers, including members of the Constants Council, then shared his rejection of papal supremacy as the main obstacle on the way to reform. The main reason for the tragic fate of Huss should be sought in political compromises between the imperial and ecclesiastical circles of the then Europe. Based on analysis of the Hus’s works, the author supported a new ecumenical vision of the heritage of Jan Hus, which is offered by modern researchers, working, in particular, within the framework of the scientific program “Husovská”. The article focuses on new studies of the legacy of Jan Hus proposed by ecumenical studios. Key words: Jan Hus, Reformation, Church reform, ecumenical studies.