Реалізація впливу НБУ на економічне зростання через нормативи банківського капіталу

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In crisis situations, stable and efficient functioning of banking institutions is a necessary condition for country’s economic growth. Capitalization is one of the important factors that creates a positive impact of the domestic banking system on economic development. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the patterns and differences in the strength and nature of the impact of capital adequacy requirements on the financial and economic development of countries. The key tasks include: research of capitalization indicatorsof the banking system of Ukraine; identification of the impact of bank capital adequacy on the financial and economic development of individual European countries and other highly developed countries. The research methods were: theoretical -study of foreign and domestic scientific literature, materials and publications, and empirical -measurement, comparison, grouping, rating, correlation and regression analysis.The article analyzes the essence of the concept of "bank capital" and identifies the peculiarities of its formation. The dynamics of equity and authorized capital of Ukrainian banks in recent years has been studied and the capitalization indicators of the banking system have been calculated. The structure of bank capital in terms of banking groups is presented. The share of equity of the largest banks in the banking system of Ukraine is calculated. The banks were grouped by the amount of capital in order to identify those banking institutions that need further additional capitalization. Prospects for the development of sources of growth of bank capital of state, foreign and private banks of Ukraine are analyzed and evaluated. The economic standards of the NBU (size of regulatory capital, adequacy of regulatory capital, adequacy of fixed capital) are characterized and the dynamics of regulatory capital indicators is presented. The rating of banks in Ukraine according to the highest and lowest indicator of regulatory capital adequacy is built. The results of the correlation between the capital of the banking system and the financial and economic indicators of development of a number of European and other highly developed countries are presented. The regularities and differences of the influence of banks' capital adequacy on the financial and economic development of countries using the method of correlation-regression analysis are characterized.Prospects for further research in this area are the improvement of existing or development of new economic and mathematical models to determine the forecast indicators of financial and economic development of the country when changing the supervisory requirements for capital adequacy of banks.