ФЛОРА ХРЕБТА ЗАПАДНЫЙ ТАННУ-ОЛА (РЕСПУБЛИКА ТЫВА)

Abstract

Таксономический анализ показал, что в число десяти наиболее крупных семейств флоры входят: Asteraceae (119 видов и подвидов), Poaceae (106), Fabaceae (67), Rosaceae (64), Caryophyllaceae (53), Cyperaceae (50), Ranunculaceae (48), Brassicaceae (45), Lamiaceae (35) и Scrophulariaceae (30). Набор десяти крупнейших семейств флоры совпадает с десятью преобладающими семействами флор Бореальной области. В тройку крупнейших семейств флоры хребта Западный Танну-Ола входит семейство Fabaceae, что также отмечено для флоры российской части хр. Цаган-Шибэту, примыкающему к Западному Танну-Ола, свойственно среднеазиатским флорам Туранской подобласти Средиземноморской области и центральноазиатской флоре Монголии. Данные факты, по всей видимости, обусловлены положением хр. Западный Танну-Ола на мировом водоразделе, вследствие чего его флора имеет признаки как североазиатских, так и среднеазиатских и центральноазиатских флор. В пределах хребта под охраной находятся 26 видов флоры, занесенных в Красную книгу Российской Федерации и/или в Красную книгу Республики Тыва. Floras of mountain territories are of interest due to their species richness. The purpose of this work was to compile a checklist of the flora of the Western Tannu-Ola Range, to reveal protected species of the flora and species that were not previously indicated for the nature region of Tyva, to which the territory of the range belongs. To compile the checklist, data from the author’s expeditions in 2002, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2014 and 2019 were used, as well as the herbarium by other botanists collected on the Western Tannu-Ola Range in 1946–1993 and stored in the Herbaria of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (NS, NSK). The herbarium was collected in 27 localities, rather evenly distributed over the territory of the range and its foothills. Electronic databases of field records and herbarium specimen labels, created by the author in MS Access, were used in checklist compiling for obtaining information on the distribution and ecological features of species on the Western Tannu-Ola Range. The flora of the Western Tannu-Ola Range comprises 981 species and subspecies of vascular plants which belong to 344 genera and 79 families. The 10 biggest families are Asteraceae (119 species and subspecies), Poaceae (106), Fabaceae (67), Rosaceae (64), Caryophyllaceae (53), Cyperaceae (50), Ranunculaceae (48), Brassicaceae (45), Lamiaceae (35) and Scrophulariaceae (30). All the ten largest families are the same as the ten largest families of the Boreal Region. The family Fabaceae is one of the three largest families of the flora, what was revealed for the flora of the adjacent Tsagan-Shibetu Range and what is peculiar for the Turan floras in the Middle Asia and the flora of Mongolia in the Central Asia. These facts apparently are due tоsituation of the Western Tannu-Ola Range on the world watershed, as a result of what its flora has features of both North Asian and Central Asian floras. Twenty six species of the flora are under federal or regional protection and are included into the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation and/or the Red Data Book of the Tyva Republic as rare or reducing in number.