ДАГЕСТАНСКИЕ ДИАСПОРЫ В ОСМАНСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ И ТУРЦИИ: ИСТОРИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of reasons for the Dagestani Muhajirs migration to the Ottoman Empire at the end of XIX century. The author pays special attention to the role of the Russian and Ottoman authorities in resettlement policy, as well as to inhuman living conditions during the stay of Muhajirs within the Russian-Turkish borders, which caused the deaths of thousands of Muhajirs from hunger, deprivation and unusual climatic conditions. The author successively writes about the place and role of Dagestani Diasporas in the social and political life before and after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. The social and political conditions of the Dagestani Diasporas at the Young Turks, Ataturk and Boyar. The author defines settlements in which only the representatives of Dagestani nations had lived for many years to preserve their cultural and linguistic identity. A key role in the article is assigned to the Dagestan public organizations. The author describes in detail the activities of public organizations established in Turkey, which main task is to preserve the traditions of ancestors far from their historical homeland. The role and activities of Dagestani public organizations emerged on the territory of Dagestan after the collapse of the Soviet Union is considered. A special place is given to activities of the for Relations with Compatriots Vatan, which made a feasible contribution to the establishment of ties with their fellow countrymen in the 1990s, when the very scant data were available about our compatriots in Turkey. The author notes: Association Vatan succeeded in opening a shuttle route in Dagestan - a direct flight Makhachkala - Istanbul, the air communication between Dagestan and Turkey. In conclusion, an analysis of the language situation in the territory of modern Turkey is given. Referring to Art. 120 of the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, the author concludes that the Dagestani ethnic minorities will be able to preserve their native language only if they speak it with the family members and in their ethnic environment, since in Turkish general education schools only Turkish is taught.