Особенности анаэробной работоспособности биатлонистов в зависимости от типа вегетативной регуляции сердечного ритма

Abstract

Successful work of biathletes on the track and at the shooting range largely depends on the typological features of the autonomic regulation of heart rate. We examined 46 biathletes aged 18–25 years. The types of autonomic heart rate regulation were determined according to the generally accepted method using Varikard 2.51 equipment. Sport-specific performance was measured on the Ergomedic 894E Peak Bike ergometer (Monark Exercise, Sweden). Personified types of autonomic heart rate regulation were combined into two groups: with the dominance of the central regulation mechanism (CRM, 45 % of subjects) and of the autonomic regulation mechanism (ARM, 55 % of subjects). The 6-second test for assessing speed abilities revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences: biathletes with CRM were faster, their peak power output was higher and their time to reach maximum speed was shorter compared to biathletes with ARM. As to the strength abilities, subjects with CRM were superior (p < 0.05) to their colleagues in terms of speed and relative power output; their power gradient was greater, and their time to reach maximum speed was shorter (p < 0.05). During the 15-second test, biathletes with ARM showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in total work output, absolute power output, and endurance coefficient compared to the subjects with CRM. When switching to the 45-second mode, biathletes with ARM retained their advantages (p < 0.05) in terms of total work output, absolute power output, and speed endurance. At the same time, their relative power output was lower compared to that of athletes with CRM. Thus, with the shortest possible anaerobic mode, the efficiency is higher in biathletes with dominant CRM, while at longer modes, in biathletes with ARM predominance.