ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ РЕЙКОВОГО ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ КИЄВА

Abstract

Urban transport systems require increased attention as connecting elements that affect the efficiency of the functioning of cities as a whole and individual districts. Public passenger transport of a large city, which is the capital of the state – Kyiv, is one of the branches of its life support, on the functioning of which both the development of the economic complex and the lifestyle of the population depend. The problem of the rational functioning of public transport and its territorial organization become one of the main ones for our capital during the martial law and will become critical after the Victory. The development of rail transport is a priority for any European city: it has the highest carrying capacity, it is environmentally friendly and comfortable for passengers, and most importantly, it does not depend on the amount of traffic jams. In Kyiv, there are four types of rail public transport - metro, tram (including high-speed tram), city electric train and funicular. The analysis of the evolution of the territorial structure of the urban rail public transport system, carried out using the methods of graph theory and historical-geographic sections, shows that this structure developed dynamically along with the development of Kyiv. It is substantiated that the priority directions of the development of Kyiv's transport system are aimed at the formation of a highly efficient transport complex capable of meeting the needs of the population in relevant services and minimizing the negative impact on the environment. To achieve this goal, the main directions of the development of Kyiv's rail public transport system have been determined: the priority of public passenger transport in the performance of city transportation; development of high-speed off-street types of public rail transport (metropolitan, high-speed tram, city railway); provision of fast, comfortable and safe transport connections between all functional zones of the capital on the basis of increasing the density of the street network, creating a system of complex transfer nodes at the stations of the metro and city railway lines.