Клинико-эпидемиологический анализ заболеваемости злокачественными новообразованиями и смертности от них среди работников радиационно опасных предприятий и населения, проживающего вблизи объектов атомной промышленности и ядерной энергетики

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to analyze the oncoepidemiological situation in the vicinity of nuclear industry and nuclear power plants. Materials and methods of the study. The main materials of the study were the data of official medical statistics for 2012-2018 on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality from them: the contingent of medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia in 10 closed administrative-territorial formations of Rosatom State Corporation — a research sample; total contingent served by medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia — data of the Federal Center for Extreme Problems Information Technology of FMBA of Russia; population of Russian Federation as a whole. An in-depth analysis of the morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms among employees of enterprises and the population served by medical treatment organizations of FMBA of Russia was performed using data from the Branch Cancer Registry of FMBA of Russia. Results of the study and their analysis. According to the results of the analysis an increase in the incidence of malignant neoplasms was observed in medical treatment organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia in closed administrative territorial formations, in all medical treatment organizations of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, and in the Russian Federation as a whole. In 2012-2018 the incidence of malignant neoplasms (per 100,000 population) was: in closed administrative territorial entities — 412.4 and 526.6 respectively; in all medical treatment institutions of FMBA of Russia — 328.4 and 390.1; in the Russian Federation as a whole — 367.3 and 425.5 respectively. Analysis of mortality rates from malignant neoplasms showed that in all medical treatment institutions of the Federal Medical and Biomedical Agency of Russia the mortality rate from malignant neoplasms (per 100 thousand population) in this time interval was 149.1 and 167.9 persons respectively, which is significantly lower than the all-Russian rates of 201.0 and 200.0 persons respectively. Mortality from malignant neoplasms in closed administrative territorial units amounted to 220.1 and 257.3 persons respectively, which exceeds both all medical treatment institutions of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency and the Russian Federation as a whole.