Потенциальные источники загрязнения воздуха промышленными волокнами

Abstract

Abstract: Resume. Currently almost no attention is paid to the potential possibility of air pollution of premises for various purposes by industrial fibers (natural (asbestos) and man-made mineral fibers) in the Russian Federation while there is increasing use of materials containing such fibers in industrial and civil construction. Purpose. To conduct a survey of premises for various purposes to identify materials containing industrial fibers and assess the potential possibility of releasing fibers from them using research methods adopted in modern world practice. Materials and methods. A visual and instrumental survey of premises was carried out; 169 materials samples, 57 dust samples and 45 air samples were sampled and analyzed. Results. The numerical fiber concentrations in air samples did not exceed the standarts for working area air (0.2 f/ml for man-made mineral fibers (MMMF) and 0.01 f/ml for asbestos fibers), used in modern world practice. MMMF were detected in half of the dust samples, chrysotile asbestos fibers (CAF) were detected in 3 dust samples, MMMF together with CAF were detected in 9 dust samples. CAF were presented in 85 of 169 materials samples, MMVF were presented in 34 materials samples, organic fiber were presented in 18 materials samples, no fibers were presented in 32 materials samples. When using the algorithm for estimating the probability of fiber releasing, 43 materials containing CAF had a very low chance of fiber releasing, 18 – low, 21 – medium, and 3 – high chance, and 15 materials containing MMVF had a very low chance of fiber releasing, 11 – low, 7 – medium, 1 – high. Conclusion. Materials containing industrial fibers are widely used in premises for various purposes. Visual and instrumental survey allows detecting such materials and assessing their condition for the development of measures set to control working area air pollution. The detection of fibers in dust samples makes it possible to establish the presence of sources of air pollution, as well as to identify them in most cases.