ТЕОРЕМА ОБ ИЗМЕНЕНИИ ЭНЕРГИЙ ПАРЦИАЛЬНЫХ ДВИЖЕНИЙ ГОЛОНОМНЫХ МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ, ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ И ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ С НЕСКОЛЬКИМИ СТЕПЕНЯМИ СВОБОДЫ

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to formulate and prove the principle of energy of partial subsystems for mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical holonomic systems with time-independent constraints, as well as the development of a simple method to derive equations of motion for such systems. This principle is helpful in giving short courses of theoretical mechanics to students who know only the basic principle of energy and the D’Alembert principle. Two issues are covered in this paper: firstly, the formulation of the principle of energies for interacting mechanical partial subsystems, including the proof of the theorem, and, finally, the application of the developed method for mechanical, electrical, and electromechanical systems. The energy principle is developed using the D’Alembert principle for partial motions of the system when deriving kinetic and power balance equations. For electrical and electromechanical systems, the principle is based on the first electromechanical analogy of Maxwell’s postulate and Kirchhoff 's laws. As examples, the principle allowed obtaining equations of motion of mechanical systems with three degrees of freedom: rotation of a disk on an elastic shaft, dynamics of a vibration table, an electrical system with two cyclic currents connected through a resistor, and an electromechanical system of the acceleration sensor.