Анализ опасностей и оценка риска аварий на объектах хранения нефтепродуктов

Abstract

Introduction. The high level of accidents at oil and gas industry enterprises necessitates the development of a concept for preserving the health of the working population based on a system for assessing, monitoring and forecasting the risks of accidents. Risk is present in almost all areas of activity. Its existence is associated with decision-making in conditions of incomplete information and uncertainty. It is the analysis of the risk of accidents at such facilities and the subsequent development of measures in accordance with the identified causes that will reduce the danger and preserve the health and life of employees. Goals and objectives. Assessment of the risk of accidents at the fuel depot of LLC "Gazprom Dobycha Noyabrsk", analysis of ways to prevent emergencies and justification of the proposed measures to reduce the risk of threats to the life and health of employees. Research methods. Based on the analysis of the risk of accidents at the fuel depot of LLC "Gazprom Dobycha Noyabrsk", an analysis of the "event tree" was applied. Scenarios of possible accidents have been developed in accordance with the safety data sheet, which are summarized in a general scheme of the development of accidents at the facility under consideration. The paper considers and identifies the main sources of danger and, taking into account all components, identifies 6 of the most dangerous scenarios for the development of emergency situations in the territory of the fuel and lubricants warehouse. Results and their discussion. Taking into account the types of hazards, their characteristics and other components, the most dangerous scenarios of accidents in the territory of the fuel and lubricants warehouse were identified. The calculation results showed that the average annual probability of the most dangerous accident scenario possible in the fuel warehouse, in terms of risk and consequences, is C1 (associated with depressurization of the flexible hose of the fuel pump) and is RA = 8,43∙10-3. The calculation of the zones of action of the main damaging factors and calculations of quantitative indicators of the expected consequences in the further development of the scenario, taking into account the physico-chemical properties of hazardous substances, were also carried out. Conclusion. To ensure safety, a list of relevant measures is provided that will help reduce the risk of accidents at the object under study. Keywords: fuel and lubricants warehouse; safety; danger; probability of accidents; event tree; risk.