НАВЧАННЯ УЧНІВ 5-ГО КЛАСУ КОМПРЕСІЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЇ ПІД ЧАС АУДІЮВАННЯ НА УРОКАХ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ

Abstract

Background: Well-developed listening skills of schoolchildren are significant for native language acquisition since these skills contribute to building the ability of perceiving, processing and transforming information in various communicative situations. The successful mastering of processing and transformation of information is a complex process which is affected by several cognitive factors: intelligence, reaction time, memory, attention span, and the ability to switch between different mental operations. One of the ways of transforming information is its compression. Teaching this skill integrated with listening is a challenging task that requires consideration of the age and individual psychological characteristics of schoolchildren, the pace of speech, the volume of the message, intonation features, etc. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to characterize the theoretical and practical aspects of the technique for teaching information compression integrated with listening to 5th-grade secondary school students in a Ukrainian language classroom. Results and Discussion: Compression of information in the process of listening is a mental process of processing a message which leads to the reduction of the speech signal, with the information preserved in the amount that corresponds to the communicative purpose of listening. Several types of compression to be taught in the 5th-grade Ukrainian classroom have been distinguished by the authors. The difficulties faced by students during the compression of information in the process of listening have also been specified. In most cases, they are related to the form of a language unit and communication, the form and volume of the message, dynamic features of the receiving channel, the semantic load of the message, etc. The criteria for selecting material for listening include content, structure and composition, genre, language, accessibility, listening length and time. Building the text compression skills is carried out at the text and post-text stages since compression is integrated with the stages of work on a text.