Abstract
Most of rock-forming minerals show characteristic absorption features in the visible and near-infrared wavelength regions. Especially, silicates such as olivine and pyroxene show clear absorption bands due to Fe2+, which change in wavelength position and strength as their Fe/Mg ratios change. Also, structural change by shock can alter absorption band shapes as seen in plagioclase-muskelynite series. Such changes can be readily quantified using the Modified Gaussian Model. Also, mineral mixing ratios and grain size and shape of each mineral cause specific changes in reflectance spectra, which can be simulated by photometric models. As a special complication of planetary surface regoliths, spaceweathering effects have to be removed from the reflectance spectra.
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