Abstract
The experience of a dictionary entry ‘Author’ offered here provides essential help in mastering the course of “Introduction into Literary Studies” and deals with the meanings of one of the key notions of philology. Some general ideas are presented: of the author as a biographic individual, of the author as the creator of a literary text, of the implicit author, and of the two approaches outlined in the XX century to the issue of the reader and author relationship.
Highlights
Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ – ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɲɚɝ ɡɚ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɸ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ, ɫɜɨɸ ɫɭɞɶɛɭ
Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɪɨɥɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɪɚɬɶɹɦ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɭ
Ƚɨɪɧɮɟɥɶɞ ɩɢɫɚɥ: «ɉɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɦ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ: ɧɚɲɢ, ɢɛɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɥ ɢɯ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɬɶ , ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶ Ƚɚɦɥɟɬɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɪ...»17 Ʉɪɚɣɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɝɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɢ, ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɥɢɰɨɜɨɤ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɧɚɞɟɹɧɧɚɹ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɛɟɡɚɩɩɟɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ
Summary
Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ – ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɲɚɝ ɡɚ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɜɨɸ ɛɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɸ, ɫɜɨɸ ɫɭɞɶɛɭ. Ɋ. Ɍɭɪɝɟɧɟɜɚ ɢ ɞɪ.); ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ (ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɹɫɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɟɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɵ); ɡɚɩɢɫɧɵɟ ɤɧɢɠɤɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ (ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɟɝɨ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɧɚɛɪɨɫɤɢ ɮɚɛɭɥ, ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɞɟɬɚɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɪɢɫɨɜɤɢ «ɩɪɨ ɡɚɩɚɫ»); ɷɩɢɫɬɨɥɹɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ (ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɹ); ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɦɭɚɪɵ; ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɟ ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤɢ (ɞɧɟɜɧɢɤ – ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ «ɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɚɦɨɦ, ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɟɦ ɨɧ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɩɢɲɟɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɠɢɜɺɬ ɨɛɵɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧ ɠɢɜɭɳɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɣ»8); ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ (ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɪɭɤɨɩɢɫɟɣ, ɧɟ ɧɭɠɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ; ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɞɪ.)[9], ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɫɰɟɧɢɪɨɜɤɚ
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