明治・大正時代におけるセメント製造方式の変遷 : 焼成窯形態に伴う製造方式の変遷

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to clarify a part of Japan's modernization by retracing the transition in the Portland cement production system. The study examined the resources, including the histories of a several cement corporations, which were left in Onoda Cement Company (OCC). Its focus was on the transitions in the cement production system employed in the cement corporations in the Meiji and Taisho eras and the transitions in the cement production process and the kilns' types and numbers that were found in OCC. The outcomes are as follows: 1) Although thirty-five cement manufacturing companies existed in the Meiji era, only eighteen remained at the end of the Taisho era due to the hard social conditions. 2) In spite of the advent of kilns such as Dietzsch's and Hoffman's Ring kilns, the bottle kilns became popular in Meiji era, and have been replaced by rotary ones since 1908 for its high productivity. 3) The cement production system of law material changed from wet to dry process since 1897. 4) Along with the transitions in kilns, the cement manufacturing process as well as the equipments for firing kilns were improved in OCC. 5) The fundamentals of cement production system was established by the end of the Taisho era, and the equipments before and after manufacturing process were almost the same as the ones that are currently used in general.