Синдром крыловидной лопатки

Abstract

Since A. Velpeau [1] first described a case of isolated paralysis of the anterior serratus muscle leading to the development of winged scapula syndrome, it has been shown that this lesion leads to shoulder joint dysfunction and the development of pain syndrome. Correct movement and positioning of the scapula relative to the rib cage is essential for proper shoulder joint function and positioning of the upper extremity in space. Weakness and loss of biomechanics of scapula motion leads to difficulty in lifting the upper extremity as well as lifting weights. According to the literature, the most common causes of winged scapula syndrome are injuries of the long thoracic nerve (paralysis of the anterior serratus muscle) and the spinal accessory nerve (paralysis of the trapezius muscle). The number of cases of anterior serratus muscle paralysis ranges from 0.0026 to 0.21% [2]. Most authors focus on nerve damage leading to paralysis of the anterior dentate and trapezius muscles. However, in 1930, S. Fichet described the development of winged scapula syndrome as a result of traumatic detachment of the muscles surrounding the scapula [3]. Traumatic detachment of the anterior serratus, trapezius, and rhomboid muscles is an important and understudied problem leading to shoulder joint dysfunction and development of winged scapula. The aim of the review is to study the main injuries leading to the development of wing-shaped scapula syndrome, as well as the main methods of diagnosis and treatment of this pathology.