ШАРОШЕЧНЫЙ ИЗМЕЛЬЧИТЕЛЬ ОТХОДОВ

Abstract

Organic wastes are among biological waste, and their neutralization is one of topical problems in ensuring ecological safety of the population. The use of waste disposers reduces amount of organic waste arriving on disposal sites for their burial and processing by the direct removal from sites of generation in sewer networks. On the basis of experimental research results on technology of organic waste processing in the sites of their generation, a new design of waste disposer with a roller cone device is developed and investigated. When developing the design, the idea about application of regular roughness on working surfaces of waste disposer crushing mechanism is put forward. The purpose of a roller cone waste disposer is to increase productivity of the device by creating a new design of the crushing mechanism, which possesses repeated rib roughness on the surface and allows for crushing a wider range of processed organic waste, and expansion of the sphere of application for this disposer in such areas as agriculture. In this article, a research on operational and strength characteristics of waste disposers is carried out. Based on the research results, a dependence of fineness of waste fractions on the disposer engine capacity for different types of waste is determined. The obtained experimental research results allow for developing a technique for systems design with the use of pumpable processing of organic waste. Experimental data processing based on the methods of Theory of similarity and dimensions allows receiving a criteria ratio for calculation and design of the developed devices. Analysis of the influence, that operating factors have while crushing food waste, is carried out by deriving ratios of dimensionless groups based on the methods of the Similarity theory with the use of π- theorems. The error of the received dependencies in relation to experimental data amounts ±10 % in all range of variation in experimental parameters of the process. On the basis of the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that a roller cone waste disposer allows expanding considerably the list of the processed organic waste types compared to production devices.