Abstract

为提高育种杂交后代选择效果,引入压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型对影响寒地粳稻杂交育种后代的遗传、环境和选择因素进行探讨。构建1个目标、3个准则和18个指标组成的寒地粳稻杂交育种后代选择概念模型与评价体系,并采用客观熵权和功效评分相组合方法进行综合指数评价。结果表明:在PSR模型设计环境下,‘绥粳18’杂交育种9个世代杂交后代均表现出穗颈瘟权重值最大,其次是倒伏级别,再次是空壳率,寒地生态环境下抗穗颈瘟发病指数、抗倒伏级别和空壳率水平是水稻育种杂交后代选择最重要的考虑指标。PSR系统评价中,各子系统的影响力大小依次是响应子系统(权重为0.6867)>状态子系统(权重为0.2651)>压力子系统(权重为0.0482);各指标值变异系数为0~200.4%,大范围变异利于提高后代选择育种效果。与目前多依据株型理论选择杂交后代系谱相比,运用PSR模型理论与评价体系方法,创建动态压力选择环境,客观评价指标特征,并引入专家决策管理,能够有效克服单纯依靠育种经验、定性定量不结合、多注重性状选择以及响应决策不系统而导致多优性状聚合难、鉴定难、选择效率低等问题,具有较好可行性、可靠性和实用性,可以获得更加合理的寒地水稻育种杂交后代选择方案。本研究结果可为加快寒地优质高产多抗广适突破性水稻新品种选育提供有益参考和技术依据。

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