АГРОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ PUCCINIA DISPERSA ERIKS. И PUCCINIA GRAMINIS PERS. НА ПОСЕВАХ ОЗИМОЙ РЖИ В КИРОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of winter rye selection in the Research Center of the North-East for more than half a century of research. The dynamics of the degree of damage by brown and stem rust and the immune status of 9 varieties created at the institute in different periods (Vyatka 2, zoned in 1950; Dymka, 1993; Kirovskaya 89, 1993; Falenskaya 4, 1999; Snezhana, 2004; Rushnik, 2008; Flora, 2010; Grafinya, 2015; Kiprez - has been in state testing since 2017), and with different conditions of climatic factors. Taking into account the selection methods and the source material used in the work, as well as the year of inclusion of varieties in the State Register, they were divided into 3 stages of selection and variety change, 3 varieties in each. The study of the gene pool took place in 2010-2018 in the nursery of the competitive test with the natural infectious load of pathogens. The degree of damage to indicator (susceptible) varieties of brown rust averaged 41.4%, stem - 71.3%, which in terms of hardness corresponds to an average and strong infectious background. A reliable (at P ≥095) decrease in the degree of plant damage by stem rust was revealed with an increase in precipitation during the period of “bloom - milky-wax ripeness” (r = -0.68). At the same time, a closer relationship (r = - 0.74) for the varieties of the third stage of selection than for the varieties of the first and second stages is r = -0.62 and 0.66, respectively. The effect of temperature on the pathogenesis of both types of rust is insignificant, although it has a negative value. In the plant-microbial relationship Secale cereale-Puccinia dispersa, the effect of environmental factors is mostly insignificant, except for the effect of temperature on the development of brown rust in varieties of the second stage of selection (r = -0.51). Among the studied gene pool, only the Snezhana variety is characterized as resistant to leaf rust with a degree of damage ranging from 4.0 to 20.0%, and Vyatka 2 is moderately resistant to stem rust (20.0-35.0%). This trait in the Snezhana variety can be determined by the presence in its genome of the complex resistance donor Rossul (Lr4 and Sr1) from the VIR collection, and in the Vyatka 2 variety - by the recessive-polygenic type of short-stemming and intensive growth during the critical periods of the P. graminis pathogenesis. Close to them in terms of immune status is the Kirovskaya 89 variety, created with the participation of the Russian donor (RPd is an unidentified brown rust resistance gene). To date, in a series of successive stages of breeding, there is no significant progress in increasing the rust resistance of winter rye varieties. However, given the increase in rust infection, it is necessary to expand the immunological studies and strengthen the breeding work in this direction.