Состояние рефракции школьников 9–17 лет

Abstract

Аccording to rOSstat, the incidence of diseases of the eye and its adnexa is about 5–6.0 % both in children aged 0–14 years and in adolescents aged 15–17. Purpose. to identify the age and gender characteristics of refraction state in schoolchildren. Material and methods. a survey of 1215 children aged 9–17 years was performed. the examination included: filling out a questionnaire, autorefractometry, assessment of uncorrected visual acuity and best corrected visual acuity with the existing correction. Results. Both sexes were characterized by a tendency to decrease in refraction from 9 to 12 years, but in girls it was more pronounced. When conducting a correlation analysis between age and refraction values in boys, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) feedback of weak strength was revealed (Spearman’s r = –0.17). In boys, the analysis of uncorrected visual acuity revealed its decrease at the age of 9 to 14 years. girls, starting from the age of 11, statistically significantly differ from boys in lower values of visual acuity. among all examined children, accommODation disorders were found in 17 % of the examined children. there is a tendency to increase the frequency of accommODation disorders from the age of 12. Some subsequent decrease in vision is pOSsible due to further deterioration of the condition and the transition of some children with accommODation disorders to the group of children with myopia. Conclusion. 1. more frequent provision of corrective glasses for girls was revealed. 2. a significant increase in the tendency of accommODation disorders was revealed at the age of 12. 3. With age, the frequency of myopia increases, but among girls it is more common. 4. the need for glasses in general in children of all ages was 47 %, and the satisfied need for glasses was only 32 %. Keywords: refraction, myopia, hypermetropia, anisometropia, schoolchildren’s vision, visual acuity, provision with glasses