냉전시대의 한반도 평화모색 -7.4 남북공동성명의 국제관계사-

Abstract

When there was a big change in the international situation, North and South Korea had a dialogue and made an important agreement. In the early 1970s, the period of the U.S.-China reconciliation and the detente, South and North Korea began a dialogue and agreed on the three principles of unification through the July 4 South-North Joint Communique. About 20 years later, the end of the Cold War, the collapse of Eastern European countries and the Soviet Union, and the German reunification led to the 1991 Inter-Korean Basic Agreement. And in 2018, the two Koreas created milestones such as the 4.27 Panmunjom Declaration and the September 19 Pyongyang Joint Declaration and the Military Agreement. In this article, I analyse the meaning of the July 4 South-North Joint Communique, focusing on the Park Chung-hee administration’s perception of changes in the Northeast Asian situation including the U.S.-China reconciliation and normalization of diplomatic relations between Japan and People’s Republic of China with South Korea and U. S. diplomatic documents. The movement of the neighboring powers was one of the key factors in starting inter-Korean dialogue, but the leaders of the two Koreas were strengthening their power bases rather than making proper use of the international environment and moving toward national unity. In addition, it seems that the great powers around the Korean peninsula regarded the two Koreas as a means of realizing their own national interests, and they had no intentions to provide opportunities for the two Koreas to solve their problems on their own.