Abstract
In a historical review with the aim of analyzing the role of psychiatrists in criminological studies of the 1920–1930s, their views on the problems of insanity, social danger and approaches to the study of the personality of a criminal are considered. The correlation of these ideas with sociological and anthropological trends is traced within the framework of the positive school of criminal law, which denied the metaphysical concept of free will and, accordingly, the categories of guilt and sanity. It is shown, however, that uniting these approaches with the subsequent development of forensic psychiatry was the desire to create its natural science foundation.
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