Abstract
تعقب الإمام الشوکاني-رحمه الله- في کتابه «فتح القدير» آراء بعض من سبقه من المفسرين، وکان ممن تعقبهم الإمام الزمخشري-رحمه الله- في تفسيره «الکشاف». وفي هذا البحث قمت بتتبع تعقبات الإمام الشوکاني على الإمام الزمخشري –رحمهما الله- في سورة آل عمران، وذلک من خلال استخراجها من مظانها، ودراستها؛ لأبين أي الرأيين أقرب لتوضيح المراد. وکان الهدف من البحث معرفة فقه الخلاف الذي يفتح باب الحوار الهادئ بين المتأخرين والمتقدمين، وهذا يجعل انتقاد الأکابر يکون بالأدب الجم، وينبئ عن مدى الوعي الکامل، والاعتراف بالسبق في ميدان تفسير القرآن. ومن أهداف البحث أيضا أن الکتابة في مثل هذه الموضوعات تصقل الباحث من الناحية العلمية، حيث إنه يدرس الرأي والرأي الآخر، ويقارن بينهما، ويرجح ما يراه راجحا بالدليل، فهذا يصقله ويقويه علميا. والمنهج المتبع في البحث هو المنهج التحليلي، والنقدي؛ حيث قمت بجمع تعقبات الإمام الشوکاني على الإمام الزمخشري الواردة في سورة آل عمران، وعنونت لها بعنوان يناسبها، وذکرت الراجح فيها بالدليل، وقد أثبت في البحث الآيات القرآنية، وجعلت الآية بين معکوفين ﴿﴾ وذکرت اسم السورة ورقمها، ورقم الآية في الهامش، کما خرجت الأحاديث النبوية والآثار، مکتفيا بذکر أشهر من أوردها من أئمة الحديث، مع ذکر الکتاب، والباب، والجزء، والصفحة، ورقم الحديث، وعزوت الأبيات الشعرية إلى مصادرها ونسبتها إلى قائليها، ووضحت الألفاظ الغريبة والمصطلحات؛ بالرجوع إلى المعاجم اللغوية، وترجمت الأعلام الوارد ذکرهم- عدا الصحابة- لأول مرة؛ ترجمة مختصرة تزيل اللبس عنهم، وتدعو القارئ إلى الاقتداء بهم، وإلى نشر مآثرهم، وذيلت البحث بفهرسين؛ فهرس للمصادر والمراجع، ملتزما في ترتيبه حروف المعجم، وفهرس الموضوعات؛ على حسب ترتيبها في البحث. وقد سلکت في هذا البحث المنهج العلمي دون أي تجريح، وکانت غايتي هي معالجة الأقوال دون التفات إلى شخصية قائلها، وقد خلصت في بحثي إلى أن الإمام الشوکاني قد أصاب في بعض تعقباته على الإمام الزمخشري، وجانبه الصواب في البعض الآخر. Imam Shawkani's (1250 A.H.) Tracking of Imam Al- Zamakhashari (538 A.H.) Through Surat 'The Family of Imran'; an Exposition, Study and Commentary By: Mohammed Farrag Taha Ali Department of Osoul El- deen Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies for Men in Cairo Azhar University Abstract In his book Fat'h Al- Kadeer), Imam Shawkani – May Allah have mercy on him- traced the views of former interpreters; Imam Zamakhashari (May Allah have mercy on him) was one of those interpreters whom he traced in his interpretation entitled (Al- Kasha'f). Hence, the topic of this paper is about Imam Shawkani's tracking of Imam Al- Zamakhashari in Surat Al- Imran (The Family of Imran) by handling and studying it as void of its hypotheses in order to show which one of the two viewpoints is closer to the true meaning. The main objective of this paper is to recognize the jurisprudence of difference which paves the way for peaceful dialogue in between the formers and the followers; something that makes the criticism of the elders run in a very polite manner as well as foreshadowing a full awareness and recognition of precedence in the field of interpreting the Holy Qur'an. Another objective of this paper is that writing about such topics adds so much to the researcher in terms of the scientific perspective as he studies certain views and their counter views, compares them, gives preponderance- based upon evidence- to any of them. Such attitude would for sure enrich the researcher and give him scientific merit. The paper applies the analytical and critical approaches as the researcher has collected the comments of Imam Al- Shawkani on Imam Al- zamakhashari with regard to Surat Al- Rahman. The researcher has selected a suitable title for the comments, and he has made reference to the most preponderant ones; based on evidence. He also quoted Qur'anic verses in between inverted commas referring to the chapters, their numbers and the numbers of the verses as seen in the margins. Likewise, he has authenticated prophetic traditions and their aftermath. To mention a few, the researcher is satisfied with making reference to the most well- known Imams of Hadith whose Hadiths have been quoted referring to the book. Chapters, section, page number and number of Hadith. In addition, he has related the lines of poetry to their sources and their authors. Moreover, he has clarified the bizarre utterances and terms by looking them up in the dictionaries and the stated biographies except the companions of Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him. The research has concluded with two indexes; one for the sources and references and the other for topics according to their appearance in the research. The research has applied the scientific approach without any discreditation. The main objective as stated by the researcher has been to tackle the statements regardless of their author. In conclusion, the researcher has found out that Imam Al- Shawkani was true in some of his comments whereas in others he was not. Key words: Imam Shawkani, Imam Zamakhashari, interpretation, analytical interpretation, Al- Imran (The Family of Imran), study, comment
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