处所类非受事宾语的语法化与认知语义特征 ― 以“在”处所类为中心

Abstract

This paper uses cognitive grammar to analyze the locative non-patient object sentences such as “to have meals in a cafeteria” and “to sleep in a big bed”. Most of these non-patient object sentences can be transformed into “Zai” locative phrases. Through the analysis of its grammaticalization, we can know that except for a few new non-patient object sentences, the source of most of the sentences is the “Zai” locative phrase. At the same time, through the semantic comparison between the non-patient object structure and the “Zai” locative phrase, this paper briefly summarizes the limited conditions of their mutual transformation and the cognitive semantic characteristics of the non-patient phrase. When the “Zai” locative phrase is used before the verb, the object of “Zai” only has spatial meaning. When this noun is used as a non-patient object after a transitive verb, other non-spatial meanings are activated by the verb, showing both spatial meaning and a new concept related to the semantics of the verb. The non-patient object sentences which use intransitive verbs can be transformed into “Zai” locative phrases. At this time, the spatial meaning of the non-patient object is not as strong as that of the “Zai” locative phrase, but the semantic functions of the non-patient object are diverse, which can not only make a complete event, but also express the spatial meaning.