КРАУДФАНДИНГОВА МОДЕЛЬ ФІНАНСУВАННЯ БІЗНЕСУ

Abstract

The article considers the formation and development of crowdfunding models of business financing. Quite often companies have difficult accessing credit through traditional ways, such as bank loans. Information technology offers entrepreneurs a wide range of financial innovations through which they can obtain resources. Crowdfunding is one of the most popular types of alternative financing. The purpose of this work is to reveal the essence of crowdfunding and its basic models; analysis of the functioning of the crowdfunding market in the world, study of its regulation and provide proposals for the development of the regulatory framework in Ukraine. The theoretical bases of crowdfunding, motives for its use by enterprises are revealed. The main models of crowdfunding are described and classified according to the forms of financing and expected return. The main crowdfunding models include: P2P Consumer Lending, Balance Sheet Consumer Lending, P2P, Business Lending, Real Estate Crowdfunding, Equity-based Crowdfunding, Invoice Trading, etc. The main characteristics of the global crowdfunding market are analyzed, including by categories of crowdfunding models. The focus is on the functioning of the European market. The EU crowdfunding market has been found to be underdeveloped compared to other major economies of the world. For many years, one of the biggest obstacles facing crowdfunding platforms, which were seeking to offer their services abroad, has been the lack of common rules and different licensing requirements in the European Union. Only in 2020 the EU adopted The Regulation on European crowdfunding service providers for business, which strengthened the protection of investors. In Ukraine, crowdfunding financing models are evolving at a high speed. Ukraine should actively implement the regulation of crowdfunding and provide incentives for such activities and protect all participants. The basic principles of settlement of the crowdfunding investment market in Ukraine are offered. Crowdfunding is suitable for companies at any stage of development, but is most often used at an early stage of development, in particular, at the stage of the idea or the finished prototype.